4/6/2024 0 Comments Instal DC++ 0.881 free![]() ![]() Though the concept was known before that and was studied by many chemists including Avogadro. ![]() The term "electronegativity" was introduced by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1811, ![]() On the most basic level, electronegativity is determined by factors like the nuclear charge (the more protons an atom has, the more "pull" it will have on electrons) and the number and location of other electrons in the atomic shells (the more electrons an atom has, the farther from the nucleus the valence electrons will be, and as a result, the less positive charge they will experience-both because of their increased distance from the nucleus and because the other electrons in the lower energy core orbitals will act to shield the valence electrons from the positively charged nucleus). The loosely defined term electropositivity is the opposite of electronegativity: it characterizes an element's tendency to donate valence electrons. Electronegativity serves as a simple way to quantitatively estimate the bond energy, and the sign and magnitude of a bond's chemical polarity, which characterizes a bond along the continuous scale from covalent to ionic bonding. The higher the associated electronegativity, the more an atom or a substituent group attracts electrons. ![]() An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. Electrostatic potential map of a water molecule, where the oxygen atom has a more negative charge (red) than the positive (blue) hydrogen atomsĮlectronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. For the Nightfall EP, see Electronegative (EP). ![]()
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